Java21 SpringBoot3.2.x GraalVM Docker 初探

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前言

Java21 正式引入虚拟线程特性，SpringBoot 3.2.x 也支持了该特性，今天来测试一下，顺便复习一下 GraalVM 和 Docker 镜像构建

工程搭建

Idea Spring 项目初始化

  • 父项目
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<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.1</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
  • 项目属性
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<properties>
    <java.version>21</java.version>
    <skipTests>true</skipTests>
</properties>
  • 项目依赖
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<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
  • 构建插件
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<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>
                        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                    </exclude>
                </excludes>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>
  • 构建插件
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<profiles>
    <profile>
        <id>native</id>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.graalvm.buildtools</groupId>
                    <artifactId>native-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>0.9.28</version>
                    <extensions>true</extensions>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <id>build-native</id>
                            <phase>package</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>compile-no-fork</goal>
                            </goals>
                        </execution>
                        <execution>
                            <id>test-native</id>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>test</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <phase>test</phase>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                    <configuration>
                        <buildArgs>
                            <!--<mainClass>org.example.demo02.Demo02Application</mainClass>
                            <imageName>${project.artifactId}</imageName>
                            <arg>-H:+ReportExceptionStackTraces</arg>-->
                            <arg>-H:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions</arg>
                            <arg>-H:-CheckToolchain</arg>
                        </buildArgs>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </profile>
</profiles>
  • 配置文件
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spring:
    threads:
        virtual:
            enabled: true

项目代码

  • 启动类
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@EnableAsync
@EnableScheduling
@SpringBootApplication
public class Demo02Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Demo02Application.class, args);
    }
}
  • 控制层
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@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {
    private final AsyncTaskExecutorService taskExecutorService;
    @GetMapping("/hi")
    public void hi() {
        log.info("Rest controller method has been called {}", Thread.currentThread());
        taskExecutorService.run();
    }
}

@Slf4j
@Component
public class AsyncTaskExecutorService {
    @Async
    public void run() {
        log.info("Async task method has been called {}", Thread.currentThread());
    }
}

@Slf4j
@Component
public class SchedulerService {
    @Scheduled(fixedDelayString = "15000")
    public void run() {
        log.info("Scheduled method has been called {}", Thread.currentThread());
    }
}

启动项目

浏览器访问 接口 ，控制台打印信息如下，可以看到 VirtualThread 虚拟线程开启成功

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  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v3.2.1)

2023-12-29T16:46:05.999+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [           main] org.example.demo02.Demo02Application     : Starting Demo02Application using Java 21.0.1 with PID 44632 (D:\Project\GraalVM\demo02\target\classes started by esafenet in D:\Project\GraalVM\demo02)
2023-12-29T16:46:06.001+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [           main] org.example.demo02.Demo02Application     : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2023-12-29T16:46:06.766+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port 8080 (http)
2023-12-29T16:46:06.778+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2023-12-29T16:46:06.778+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine    : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.1.17]
2023-12-29T16:46:06.827+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2023-12-29T16:46:06.828+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 789 ms
2023-12-29T16:46:07.189+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port 8080 (http) with context path ''
2023-12-29T16:46:07.198+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [           main] org.example.demo02.Demo02Application     : Started Demo02Application in 1.537 seconds (process running for 2.27)
2023-12-29T16:46:07.205+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [   scheduling-1] o.example.demo02.task.SchedulerService   : Scheduled method has been called VirtualThread[#43,scheduling-1]/runnable@ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1
2023-12-29T16:46:21.132+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [omcat-handler-0] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2023-12-29T16:46:21.132+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [omcat-handler-0] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2023-12-29T16:46:21.133+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [omcat-handler-0] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 1 ms
2023-12-29T16:46:22.211+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [   scheduling-1] o.example.demo02.task.SchedulerService   : Scheduled method has been called VirtualThread[#43,scheduling-1]/runnable@ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1
2023-12-29T16:46:25.503+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [omcat-handler-2] org.example.demo02.web.TestController    : Rest controller method has been called VirtualThread[#53,tomcat-handler-2]/runnable@ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1
2023-12-29T16:46:25.510+08:00  INFO 44632 --- [         task-1] o.e.d.service.AsyncTaskExecutorService   : Async task method has been called VirtualThread[#54,task-1]/runnable@ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3

GraalVM 项目构建

执行下面的命令

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mvn -Pnative -DskipTests -DskipNativeTests clean package

项目根目录 target 下则出现了 demo02.exe，直接双击启动，一闪而过的话大概率是端口被占用，启动速度相当快 Started Demo02Application in 0.15 seconds

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Produced artifacts:
 D:\Project\GraalVM\demo02\target\demo02.exe (executable)
========================================================================================================================
Finished generating 'demo02' in 1m 39s.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  01:52 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2023-12-29T16:55:31+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

GraalVM 构建 Docker 镜像

执行下面的命令

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mvn -Pnative -DskipTests -DskipNativeTests clean spring-boot:build-image

如果构建慢，可以提前拉取这两个镜像

  • paketobuildpacks/run-jammy-tiny:latest
  • paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-tiny:latest

参考链接

graalvm guides
graalvm maven plugin
visualstudio2022
spring boot native image
spring doc 中文 java-graalvm-docker-image
spring doc 中文 spring-native-intro
image build三种对比
spring boot build image plugin